# Asana

### SELECT Statements <a href="#default" id="default"></a>

A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

* SELECT
* INTO
* FROM
* JOIN
* WHERE
* GROUP BY
* HAVING
* UNION
* ORDER BY
* LIMIT

### SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the provider:<br>

\| <p>SELECT {</p><p>  \[ TOP \<numeric\_literal> | DISTINCT ]</p><p>  {</p><p>    *</p><p>    | {</p><p>        \<expression> \[ \[ AS ] \<column\_reference> ]</p><p>        | { \<table\_name> | \<correlation\_name> } .*</p><p>      } \[ , ... ]</p><p>  }</p><p>  \[ INTO csv:// \[ filename= ] \<file\_path> \[ ;delimiter=tab ] ]</p><p>  {</p><p>    FROM \<table\_reference> \[ \[ AS ] \<identifier> ]</p><p>  } \[ , ... ]</p><p>  \[ \[ </p><p>      INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } \[ OUTER ] }</p><p>    ] JOIN \<table\_reference> \[ ON \<search\_condition> ] \[ \[ AS ] \<identifier> ]</p><p>  ] \[ ... ]</p><p>  \[ WHERE \<search\_condition> ]</p><p>  \[ GROUP BY \<column\_reference> \[ , ... ]</p><p>  \[ HAVING \<search\_condition> ]</p><p>  \[ UNION \[ ALL ] \<select\_statement> ]</p><p>  \[</p><p>    ORDER BY</p><p>    \<column\_reference> \[ ASC | DESC ] \[ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ]</p><p>  ]</p><p>  \[</p><p>    LIMIT \<expression></p><p>    \[</p><p>      { OFFSET | , }</p><p>      \<expression></p><p>    ]</p><p>  ]</p><p>} | SCOPE\_IDENTITY()</p><p> </p><p>\<expression> ::=</p><p>  | \<column\_reference></p><p>  | @ \<parameter></p><p>  | ?</p><p>  | COUNT( \* | { \[ DISTINCT ] \<expression> } )</p><p>  | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( \<expression> )</p><p>  | NULLIF ( \<expression> , \<expression> )</p><p>  | COALESCE ( \<expression> , ... )</p><p>  | CASE \<expression></p><p>      WHEN { \<expression> | \<search\_condition> } THEN { \<expression> | NULL } \[ ... ]</p><p>    \[ ELSE { \<expression> | NULL } ]</p><p>    END</p><p>  | \<literal></p><p>  | \<sql\_function></p><p> </p><p>\<search\_condition> ::=</p><p>  {</p><p>    \<expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } \[ \<expression> ]</p><p>  } \[ { AND | OR } ... ]</p> |
\| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

#### Examples

1. Return all columns:<br>

   | `SELECT * FROM projects` |
   | ------------------------ |
2. Rename a column:<br>

   | `SELECT [WorkspaceId] AS MY_WorkspaceId FROM projects` |
   | ------------------------------------------------------ |
3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:<br>

   | `SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM projects` |
   | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
4. Search data:<br>

   | `SELECT * FROM projects WHERE Archived = 'true'` |
   | ------------------------------------------------ |
5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:<br>

   | `SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM projects` |
   | ------------------------------------------ |
6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:<br>

   | `SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT WorkspaceId) FROM projects` |
   | -------------------------------------------------- |
7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:<br>

   | `SELECT DISTINCT WorkspaceId FROM projects` |
   | ------------------------------------------- |
8. Summarize data:<br>

   | `SELECT WorkspaceId, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM projects GROUP BY WorkspaceId` |
   | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

   See Aggregate Functions below for details.
9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.<br>

   | `SELECT P.Id,P.Name,P.color,PS.Id,PS.Title FROM Projects P INNER JOIN ProjectStatuses PS ON P.Id=PS.ProjectId` |
   | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

   See JOIN Queries below for details.
10. Sort a result set in ascending order:<br>

    | `SELECT Id, WorkspaceId FROM projects  ORDER BY WorkspaceId ASC` |
    | ---------------------------------------------------------------- |
11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:<br>

    | `SELECT Id, WorkspaceId FROM projects LIMIT 10` |
    | ----------------------------------------------- |
12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.<br>

    | `SELECT * FROM projects WHERE Archived = @param` |
    | ------------------------------------------------ |

### Aggregate Functions <a href="#default" id="default"></a>

#### COUNT <a href="#count" id="count"></a>

Returns the number of rows matching the query criteria.<br>

| `SELECT COUNT(*) FROM projects WHERE Archived = 'true'` |
| ------------------------------------------------------- |

#### COUNT(DISTINCT) <a href="#countdistinct" id="countdistinct"></a>

Returns the number of distinct, non-null field values matching the query criteria.<br>

| `SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Id) AS DistinctValues FROM projects WHERE Archived = 'true'` |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

#### AVG <a href="#avg" id="avg"></a>

Returns the average of the column values.<br>

| `SELECT WorkspaceId, AVG(AnnualRevenue) FROM projects WHERE Archived = 'true'`  `GROUP BY WorkspaceId` |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |

#### MIN <a href="#min" id="min"></a>

Returns the minimum column value.<br>

| `SELECT MIN(AnnualRevenue), WorkspaceId FROM projects WHERE Archived = 'true'` `GROUP BY WorkspaceId` |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

#### MAX <a href="#max" id="max"></a>

Returns the maximum column value.<br>

| `SELECT WorkspaceId, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM projects WHERE Archived = 'true'` `GROUP BY WorkspaceId` |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

#### SUM <a href="#sum" id="sum"></a>

Returns the total sum of the column values.<br>

| `SELECT SUM(AnnualRevenue) FROM projects WHERE Archived = 'true'` |
| ----------------------------------------------------------------- |

### JOIN Queries <a href="#default" id="default"></a>

The Provider for Asana supports standard SQL joins like the following examples.

#### Inner Join

An inner join selects only rows from both tables that match the join condition:<br>

| `SELECT P.Id,P.Name,P.color,PS.Id,PS.Title FROM Projects P INNER JOIN ProjectStatuses PS ON P.Id=PS.ProjectId` |
| -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

#### Left Join

A left join selects all rows in the FROM table and only matching rows in the JOIN table:<br>

| `SELECT P.Id,P.Name,P.color,PS.Id,PS.Title FROM Projects P LEFT JOIN ProjectStatuses PS ON P.Id=PS.ProjectId` |
| ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |

### Date Literal Functions <a href="#default" id="default"></a>

The following date literal functions can be used to filter date fields using relative intervals. Note that while the <, >, and = operators are supported for these functions, <= and >= are not.

#### L\_TODAY() <a href="#ltoday" id="ltoday"></a>

The current day.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TODAY()` |
| ----------------------------------------------------- |

#### L\_YESTERDAY() <a href="#lyesterday" id="lyesterday"></a>

The previous day.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_YESTERDAY()` |
| --------------------------------------------------------- |

#### L\_TOMORROW() <a href="#ltomorrow" id="ltomorrow"></a>

The following day.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TOMORROW()` |
| -------------------------------------------------------- |

#### L\_LAST\_WEEK() <a href="#llastweek" id="llastweek"></a>

Every day in the preceding week.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_WEEK()` |
| --------------------------------------------------------- |

#### L\_THIS\_WEEK() <a href="#lthisweek" id="lthisweek"></a>

Every day in the current week.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_THIS_WEEK()` |
| --------------------------------------------------------- |

#### L\_NEXT\_WEEK() <a href="#lnextweek" id="lnextweek"></a>

Every day in the following week.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_WEEK()` |
| --------------------------------------------------------- |

Also available:

* L\_LAST/L\_THIS/L\_NEXT MONTH
* L\_LAST/L\_THIS/L\_NEXT QUARTER
* L\_LAST/L\_THIS/L\_NEXT YEAR

#### L\_LAST\_N\_DAYS(n) <a href="#llastndaysn" id="llastndaysn"></a>

The previous n days, excluding the current day.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_DAYS(3)` |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |

#### L\_NEXT\_N\_DAYS(n) <a href="#lnextndaysn" id="lnextndaysn"></a>

The following n days, including the current day.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_DAYS(3)` |
| ------------------------------------------------------------ |

Also available:

* L\_LAST/L\_NEXT\_90\_DAYS

#### L\_LAST\_N\_WEEKS(n) <a href="#llastnweeksn" id="llastnweeksn"></a>

Every day in every week, starting n weeks before current week, and ending in the previous week.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_WEEKS(3)` |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- |

#### L\_NEXT\_N\_WEEKS(n) <a href="#lnextnweeksn" id="lnextnweeksn"></a>

Every day in every week, starting the following week, and ending n weeks in the future.<br>

| `SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(3)` |
| ------------------------------------------------------------- |

Also available:

* L\_LAST/L\_NEXT\_N\_MONTHS(n)
* L\_LAST/L\_NEXT\_N\_QUARTERS(n)
* L\_LAST/L\_NEXT\_N\_YEARS(n)


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