SharePoint

SELECT Statements

A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT

• INTO

• FROM

• JOIN

• WHERE

• GROUP BY

• HAVING

• UNION

• ORDER BY

• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the provider:

SELECT { [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ] { * | { <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* } [ , ... ] } [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ] { FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] } [ , ... ] [ [ INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] ] [ ... ] [ WHERE <search_condition> ] [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ] [ HAVING <search_condition> ] [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ] [ ORDER BY <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ] ] [ LIMIT <expression> [ { OFFSET | , } <expression> ] ] } | SCOPE_IDENTITY() <expression> ::= | <column_reference> | @ <parameter> | ? | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } ) | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) | CASE <expression> WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ] [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ] END | <literal> | <sql_function> <search_condition> ::= { <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ] } [ { AND | OR } ... ]

Examples

1. Return all columns:

   SELECT * FROM Calendar
2. Rename a column:

   SELECT [Location] AS MY_Location FROM Calendar
3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:

   SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM Calendar
4. Search data:

   SELECT * FROM Calendar WHERE Location <> 'Chapel Hill'
5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Calendar
6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Location) FROM Calendar
7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT DISTINCT Location FROM Calendar
8. Summarize data:

   SELECT Location, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM Calendar GROUP BY Location

   See Aggregate Functions below for details.

9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.

   SELECT d.LinkFileName, u.Name FROM Documents d, Users u WHERE d.CheckOutUser = u.Name

   See JOIN Queries below for details.

10. Sort a result set in ascending order:

    SELECT Id, Location FROM Calendar ORDER BY Location ASC
11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:

    SELECT Id, Location FROM Calendar LIMIT 10
12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.

    SELECT * FROM Calendar WHERE Location = @param

Aggregate Functions

COUNT

Returns the number of rows matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Calendar WHERE Location = 'Chapel Hill'

COUNT(DISTINCT)

Returns the number of distinct, non-null field values matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Id) AS DistinctValues FROM Calendar WHERE Location <> 'Chapel Hill'

AVG

Returns the average of the column values.

SELECT Location, AVG(AnnualRevenue) FROM Calendar WHERE Location <> 'Chapel Hill' GROUP BY Location

MIN

Returns the minimum column value.

SELECT MIN(AnnualRevenue), Location FROM Calendar WHERE Location <> 'Chapel Hill' GROUP BY Location

MAX

Returns the maximum column value.

SELECT Location, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM Calendar WHERE Location <> 'Chapel Hill' GROUP BY Location

SUM

Returns the total sum of the column values.

SELECT SUM(AnnualRevenue) FROM Calendar WHERE Location = 'Chapel Hill'

JOIN Queries

The Provider for Microsoft SharePoint supports standard SQL joins like the following examples.

Inner Join

An inner join selects only rows from both tables that match the join condition:

SELECT d.LinkFileName, u.Name FROM Documents d, Users u WHERE d.CheckOutUser = u.Name

Left Join

A left join selects all rows in the FROM table and only matching rows in the JOIN table:

SELECT d.LinkFileName, u.Name FROM Users u LEFT JOIN Documents d ON d.CheckOutUser = u.Name

Date Literal Functions

The following date literal functions can be used to filter date fields using relative intervals. Note that while the <, >, and = operators are supported for these functions, <= and >= are not.

L_TODAY()

The current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TODAY()

L_YESTERDAY()

The previous day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_YESTERDAY()

L_TOMORROW()

The following day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TOMORROW()

L_LAST_WEEK()

Every day in the preceding week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_WEEK()

L_THIS_WEEK()

Every day in the current week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_THIS_WEEK()

L_NEXT_WEEK()

Every day in the following week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_WEEK()

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT MONTH

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT QUARTER

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT YEAR

L_LAST_N_DAYS(n)

The previous n days, excluding the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_DAYS(3)

L_NEXT_N_DAYS(n)

The following n days, including the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_DAYS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_90_DAYS

L_LAST_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting n weeks before current week, and ending in the previous week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_WEEKS(3)

L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting the following week, and ending n weeks in the future.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_MONTHS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_QUARTERS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_YEARS(n)