SAP Concur

SELECT Statements

A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT

• INTO

• FROM

• JOIN

• WHERE

• GROUP BY

• HAVING

• UNION

• ORDER BY

• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the provider:

SELECT { [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ] { * | { <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* } [ , ... ] } [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ] { FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] } [ , ... ] [ [ INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] ] [ ... ] [ WHERE <search_condition> ] [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ] [ HAVING <search_condition> ] [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ] [ ORDER BY <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ] ] [ LIMIT <expression> [ { OFFSET | , } <expression> ] ] } | SCOPE_IDENTITY() <expression> ::= | <column_reference> | @ <parameter> | ? | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } ) | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) | CASE <expression> WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ] [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ] END | <literal> | <sql_function> <search_condition> ::= { <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ] } [ { AND | OR } ... ]

Examples

1. Return all columns:

   SELECT * FROM Departments
2. Rename a column:

   SELECT [OfficeId] AS MY_OfficeId FROM Departments
3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:

   SELECT CAST(Size AS VARCHAR) AS Str_Size FROM Departments
4. Search data:

   SELECT * FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254'
5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM Departments
6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT OfficeId) FROM Departments
7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT DISTINCT OfficeId FROM Departments
8. Summarize data:

   SELECT OfficeId, MAX(Size) FROM Departments GROUP BY OfficeId

   See Aggregate Functions below for details.

9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.

   SELECT ListItems.Name, Lists.Name FROM ListItems, Lists WHERE ListItems.ListID=Lists.ID

   See JOIN Queries below for details.

10. Sort a result set in ascending order:

    SELECT Id, OfficeId FROM Departments ORDER BY OfficeId ASC
11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:

    SELECT Id, OfficeId FROM Departments LIMIT 10
12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.

    SELECT * FROM Departments WHERE Id = @param

Aggregate Functions

COUNT

Returns the number of rows matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254'

COUNT(DISTINCT)

Returns the number of distinct, non-null field values matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Id) AS DistinctValues FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254'

AVG

Returns the average of the column values.

SELECT OfficeId, AVG(Size) FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254' GROUP BY OfficeId

MIN

Returns the minimum column value.

SELECT MIN(Size), OfficeId FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254' GROUP BY OfficeId

MAX

Returns the maximum column value.

SELECT OfficeId, MAX(Size) FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254' GROUP BY OfficeId

SUM

Returns the total sum of the column values.

SELECT SUM(Size) FROM Departments WHERE Id = '1668776136772254'

JOIN Queries

The Provider for SAP Concur supports standard SQL joins like the following examples.

Inner Join

An inner join selects only rows from both tables that match the join condition:

SELECT ListItems.Name, Lists.Name FROM ListItems, Lists WHERE ListItems.ListID=Lists.ID

Left Join

A left join selects all rows in the FROM table and only matching rows in the JOIN table:

SELECT ListItems.Name, Lists.Name FROM Lists LEFT OUTER JOIN ListItems ON ListItems.ListID=Lists.ID

Date Literal Functions

The following date literal functions can be used to filter date fields using relative intervals. Note that while the <, >, and = operators are supported for these functions, <= and >= are not.

L_TODAY()

The current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TODAY()

L_YESTERDAY()

The previous day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_YESTERDAY()

L_TOMORROW()

The following day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TOMORROW()

L_LAST_WEEK()

Every day in the preceding week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_WEEK()

L_THIS_WEEK()

Every day in the current week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_THIS_WEEK()

L_NEXT_WEEK()

Every day in the following week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_WEEK()

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT MONTH

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT QUARTER

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT YEAR

L_LAST_N_DAYS(n)

The previous n days, excluding the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_DAYS(3)

L_NEXT_N_DAYS(n)

The following n days, including the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_DAYS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_90_DAYS

L_LAST_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting n weeks before current week, and ending in the previous week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_WEEKS(3)

L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting the following week, and ending n weeks in the future.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_MONTHS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_QUARTERS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_YEARS(n)