Active Directory

SELECT Statements

A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT

• INTO

• FROM

• JOIN

• WHERE

• GROUP BY

• HAVING

• UNION

• ORDER BY

• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the provider:

SELECT { [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ] { * | { <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* } [ , ... ] } [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ] { FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] } [ , ... ] [ [ INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] ] [ ... ] [ WHERE <search_condition> ] [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ] [ HAVING <search_condition> ] [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ] [ ORDER BY <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ] ] [ LIMIT <expression> [ { OFFSET | , } <expression> ] ] } | SCOPE_IDENTITY() <expression> ::= | <column_reference> | @ <parameter> | ? | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } ) | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) | CASE <expression> WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ] [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ] END | <literal> | <sql_function> <search_condition> ::= { <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ] } [ { AND | OR } ... ]

Examples

1. Return all columns:

   SELECT * FROM User

2. Rename a column:

   SELECT [CN] AS MY_CN FROM User

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:

   SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM User

4. Search data:

   SELECT * FROM User WHERE CN = 'Administrator'

5. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM User

6. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT CN) FROM User

7. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT DISTINCT CN FROM User

8. Summarize data:

   SELECT CN, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM User GROUP BY CN

   See Aggregate Functions below for details.

9. Retrieve data from multiple tables.

   SELECT Group.AdminDisplayName, User.AdminDisplayName FROM Group, User WHERE Group.Id = User.PrimaryGroupId

   See JOIN Queries below for details.

10. Sort a result set in ascending order:

    SELECT Id, CN FROM User ORDER BY CN ASC

11. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:

    SELECT Id, CN FROM User LIMIT 10

12. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.

    SELECT * FROM User WHERE CN = @param

Aggregate Functions

COUNT

Returns the number of rows matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM User WHERE CN = 'Administrator'

COUNT(DISTINCT)

Returns the number of distinct, non-null field values matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Id) AS DistinctValues FROM User WHERE CN = 'Administrator'

AVG

Returns the average of the column values.

SELECT CN, AVG(AnnualRevenue) FROM User WHERE CN = 'Administrator' GROUP BY CN

MIN

Returns the minimum column value.

SELECT MIN(AnnualRevenue), CN FROM User WHERE CN = 'Administrator' GROUP BY CN

MAX

Returns the maximum column value.

SELECT CN, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM User WHERE CN = 'Administrator' GROUP BY CN

SUM

Returns the total sum of the column values.

SELECT SUM(AnnualRevenue) FROM User WHERE CN = 'Administrator'

JOIN Queries

The Provider for Microsoft Active Directory supports standard SQL joins like the following examples.

Inner Join

An inner join selects only rows from both tables that match the join condition:

SELECT Group.AdminDisplayName, User.AdminDisplayName FROM Group, User WHERE Group.Id = User.PrimaryGroupId

Left Join

A left join selects all rows in the FROM table and only matching rows in the JOIN table:

SELECT Group.AdminDisplayName, User.AdminDisplayName FROM Group LEFT OUTER JOIN User ON Group.Id=User.PrimaryGroupId

Date Literal Functions

The following date literal functions can be used to filter date fields using relative intervals. Note that while the <, >, and = operators are supported for these functions, <= and >= are not.

L_TODAY()

The current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TODAY()

L_YESTERDAY()

The previous day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_YESTERDAY()

L_TOMORROW()

The following day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TOMORROW()

L_LAST_WEEK()

Every day in the preceding week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_WEEK()

L_THIS_WEEK()

Every day in the current week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_THIS_WEEK()

L_NEXT_WEEK()

Every day in the following week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_WEEK()

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT MONTH

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT QUARTER

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT YEAR

L_LAST_N_DAYS(n)

The previous n days, excluding the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_DAYS(3)

L_NEXT_N_DAYS(n)

The following n days, including the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_DAYS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_90_DAYS

L_LAST_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting n weeks before current week, and ending in the previous week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_WEEKS(3)

L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting the following week, and ending n weeks in the future.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_MONTHS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_QUARTERS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_YEARS(n)