Bing

SELECT Statements

A SELECT statement can consist of the following basic clauses.

• SELECT

• INTO

• FROM

• JOIN

• WHERE

• GROUP BY

• HAVING

• UNION

• ORDER BY

• LIMIT

SELECT Syntax

The following syntax diagram outlines the syntax supported by the SQL engine of the provider:

SELECT { [ TOP <numeric_literal> | DISTINCT ] { * | { <expression> [ [ AS ] <column_reference> ] | { <table_name> | <correlation_name> } .* } [ , ... ] } [ INTO csv:// [ filename= ] <file_path> [ ;delimiter=tab ] ] { FROM <table_reference> [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] } [ , ... ] [ [ INNER | { { LEFT | RIGHT | FULL } [ OUTER ] } ] JOIN <table_reference> [ ON <search_condition> ] [ [ AS ] <identifier> ] ] [ ... ] [ WHERE <search_condition> ] [ GROUP BY <column_reference> [ , ... ] [ HAVING <search_condition> ] [ UNION [ ALL ] <select_statement> ] [ ORDER BY <column_reference> [ ASC | DESC ] [ NULLS FIRST | NULLS LAST ] ] [ LIMIT <expression> [ { OFFSET | , } <expression> ] ] } | SCOPE_IDENTITY() <expression> ::= | <column_reference> | @ <parameter> | ? | COUNT( * | { [ DISTINCT ] <expression> } ) | { AVG | MAX | MIN | SUM | COUNT } ( <expression> ) | NULLIF ( <expression> , <expression> ) | COALESCE ( <expression> , ... ) | CASE <expression> WHEN { <expression> | <search_condition> } THEN { <expression> | NULL } [ ... ] [ ELSE { <expression> | NULL } ] END | <literal> | <sql_function> <search_condition> ::= { <expression> { = | > | < | >= | <= | <> | != | LIKE | NOT LIKE | IN | NOT IN | IS NULL | IS NOT NULL | AND | OR | CONTAINS | BETWEEN } [ <expression> ] } [ { AND | OR } ... ]

Examples

1. Return all columns:

   SELECT * FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

2. Rename a column:

   SELECT [Title] AS MY_Title FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

3. Cast a column's data as a different data type:

   SELECT CAST(AnnualRevenue AS VARCHAR) AS Str_AnnualRevenue FROM WebSearch

4. Search data:

   SELECT * FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

5. The Microsoft Bing APIs support the following operators in the WHERE clause: =, >, >=, <, <=, AND.

   SELECT * FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft';

6. Return the number of items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(*) AS MyCount FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

7. Return the number of unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT Title) FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

8. Return the unique items matching the query criteria:

   SELECT DISTINCT Title FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

9. Summarize data:

   SELECT Title, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft' GROUP BY Title

   See Aggregate Functions below for details.

10. Retrieve data from multiple tables.

    SELECT Customers.ContactName, Orders.OrderDate FROM Customers, Orders WHERE Customers.CustomerId=Orders.CustomerId

    See JOIN Queries below for details.

11. Sort a result set in ascending order:

    SELECT URL, Title FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft' ORDER BY Title ASC

12. Restrict a result set to the specified number of rows:

    SELECT URL, Title FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft' LIMIT 10

13. Parameterize a query to pass in inputs at execution time. This enables you to create prepared statements and mitigate SQL injection attacks.

    SELECT * FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = @param

Aggregate Functions

Examples of Aggregate Functions

Below are several examples of SQL aggregate functions. You can use these with a GROUP BY clause to aggregate rows based on the specified GROUP BY criterion. This can be a reporting tool.

COUNT

Returns the number of rows matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

COUNT(DISTINCT)

Returns the number of distinct, non-null field values matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT URL) AS DistinctValues FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

COUNT

Returns the number of rows matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

COUNT(DISTINCT)

Returns the number of distinct, non-null field values matching the query criteria.

SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT URL) AS DistinctValues FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

AVG

Returns the average of the column values.

SELECT Title, AVG(AnnualRevenue) FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft' GROUP BY Title

MIN

Returns the minimum column value.

SELECT MIN(AnnualRevenue), Title FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft' GROUP BY Title

MAX

Returns the maximum column value.

SELECT Title, MAX(AnnualRevenue) FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft' GROUP BY Title

SUM

Returns the total sum of the column values.

SELECT SUM(AnnualRevenue) FROM WebSearch WHERE SearchTerms = 'Microsoft'

JOIN Queries

The Provider for Microsoft Bing supports standard SQL joins like the following examples.

Inner Join

An inner join selects only rows from both tables that match the join condition:

SELECT Customers.ContactName, Orders.OrderDate FROM Customers, Orders WHERE Customers.CustomerId=Orders.CustomerId

Left Join

A left join selects all rows in the FROM table and only matching rows in the JOIN table:

SELECT Customers.ContactName, Orders.OrderDate FROM Customers LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders ON Customers.CustomerId=Orders.CustomerId

Date Literal Functions

The following date literal functions can be used to filter date fields using relative intervals. Note that while the <, >, and = operators are supported for these functions, <= and >= are not.

L_TODAY()

The current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TODAY()

L_YESTERDAY()

The previous day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_YESTERDAY()

L_TOMORROW()

The following day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_TOMORROW()

L_LAST_WEEK()

Every day in the preceding week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_WEEK()

L_THIS_WEEK()

Every day in the current week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_THIS_WEEK()

L_NEXT_WEEK()

Every day in the following week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_WEEK()

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT MONTH

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT QUARTER

• L_LAST/L_THIS/L_NEXT YEAR

L_LAST_N_DAYS(n)

The previous n days, excluding the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_DAYS(3)

L_NEXT_N_DAYS(n)

The following n days, including the current day.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_DAYS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_90_DAYS

L_LAST_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting n weeks before current week, and ending in the previous week.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_LAST_N_WEEKS(3)

L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(n)

Every day in every week, starting the following week, and ending n weeks in the future.

SELECT * FROM MyTable WHERE MyDateField = L_NEXT_N_WEEKS(3)

Also available:

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_MONTHS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_QUARTERS(n)

• L_LAST/L_NEXT_N_YEARS(n)